Relative efficiency of R&D activities: A cross-country study accounting for environmental factors in the DEA approach   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eric C. Wang  Weichiao Huang 《Research Policy》2007,36(2):260-273

This paper applies the production framework associated with the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to evaluate the relative efficiency of R&D activities across countries. R&D capital stocks and manpower are treated as inputs while patents and academic publications are considered as outputs. A three-stage approach, which involves using DEA for evaluating efficiency and using Tobit regressions for controlling the external environment, is applied to 30 countries in recent years. The results show that less than one-half of the countries are fully efficient in R&D activities and that more than two-thirds are at the stage of increasing returns to scale. Most countries have a more significant advantage in producing SCI cum EI publications than in generating patents.  相似文献   

专利保护和加计扣除政策能够促进私人农业技术创新么？          下载免费PDF全文

包月红  赵芝俊 《科研管理》2019,40(12):163-171

摘要：专利保护和加计扣除政策是政府保护和激励私人技术创新的重要手段。本文利用2005-2015年间77家农业上市公司公开数据，研究了专利保护和加计扣除政策对私人农业研发投入与研发投入强度的影响。结果表明，专利保护政策并未促进私人农业研发投入或者提高私人研发投入强度，而加计扣除政策则显著提高了私人的研发投入和研发投入强度。通过设置专利保护和加计扣除政策的交互项，发现专利保护的增强削弱了加计扣除政策的溢入效应。本文结论验证了已有的部分研究结论，建议进一步完善专利保护政策，加强加计扣除政策的实施广度和强度，推动国家创新体系建设。  相似文献   

A tale of two literatures: Transaction costs and property rights in innovation outsourcing     

Nishaal Gooroochurn 《Research Policy》2007,36(10):1483-1495

This paper investigates the relative importance of property rights and transactions cost factors in driving the decision of firms to outsource innovation. Using data for over 8000 firms from the UK Community Innovation Survey, we find that property right factors dominate over transaction cost factors. Transaction cost variables are more important for process innovation, while property rights variables are more significant for firms involved in product innovation. In addition, we find that firms involved in process innovation have a higher probability of outsourcing innovation than firms involved in product innovation.  相似文献   

研发驱动内生增长模型中的企业研发行为与政府政策     

曾德明  陈立勇 《研究与发展管理》2002,14(3):37-41,52

在研发驱动的内生经济增长理论的框架内,对企业研发竞争行为和政府研发政策的最新研究进展进行了深入探讨,并结合我国产业现状指出政府为产业领先者提供补贴并对新的产业领先企业的利润征税能使社会福利达到最优。  相似文献   

广西蜘蛛抱蛋属三新种     

方鼎  余丽莹 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2002,40(2):159-163

  相似文献   

经济增长对科研经费投入贡献力的国际比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨立英  金碧辉  孙涛涛 《科学学与科学技术管理》2006,27(12):5-10

以联合国教科文组织公布的统计数据为基础，对不同经济发展时期、水平的国家GDP总值与R＆D经费投入进行了国际比较。分析结果表明，发达国家的GDP对R＆D投入的贡献力要大于发展中国家，处于经济上升期的国家非常重视R＆D经费投入，中国在统计时间段内科研投入平缓增加，但科技竞争力整体水平较低。  相似文献   

Foreign direct investment in industrial research and development: A study of German MNCs     

Björn Ambos 《Research Policy》2005,34(4):395-410

This paper reports on the international research and development (R&D) investments of German multinational corporations (MNCs). Based on a detailed empirical survey of laboratory sites established by 49 German MNCs, we examine (i) the level and pace of R&D internationalization, (ii) the motivations and mandates of overseas R&D laboratories, as well as (iii) the strength of the laboratories’ internal and external ties. Participating firms account for about 46% of all German enterprises with international R&D activities and approximately 66% of the nation's privately funded R&D expenditures in 1999. The findings indicate that the timing and organization of German owned overseas R&D investments more closely resemble Japanese or French than US or Swedish firms. Furthermore, in line with prior studies, German MNCs increasingly invest in international R&D for resource as opposed to market-seeking motives. The paper also finds significant differences with regard to the laboratory's mission and its geographical location on one hand, and its internal and external embeddedness, on the other.  相似文献   

The ex ante assessment of knowledge spillovers: Government R&D policy, economic incentives and private firm behavior     

Maryann P. Feldman  Maryellen R. Kelley 《Research Policy》2006,35(10):1509-1521

This paper investigates the role of government R&D subsidy programs in stimulating knowledge spillovers. R&D subsidies are an effective public policy instrument when knowledge spillovers exist yet ex ante it is difficult to identify projects that have the greatest potential to increase innovation and economic growth. This paper derives a set of project and firm attributes that the literature finds generate knowledge spillovers and uses data on project proposals to estimate the degree to which a government R&D program conforms. We find that projects that were awarded R&D subsidies were more likely to have attributes such as participation in new research joint ventures and connections to universities and other firms. Following the post-award activities of firm, we find that receipt of a government R&D subsidy increased the funding from other sources when compared to firms that were not awarded funding.  相似文献   

区域R＆D产业发展差异分析   总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20  

覃成林 《中国软科学》2002,(7):95-97

本文从投入与产出两个方面分析了区域R&D产业的发展差异。主要结论是,区域之间R&D产业的投入存在两极分化现象,投入系数相差悬殊。区域R&D产业投入的活动类型结构基本上是试验发展>应用研究>基础研究,各区域都十分重视对试验发展的投入。区域R&D产业投入的执行机构结构主要以企业为主,其次是科研院所或高等院校。区域R&D产业的产出绝大部分集中在东部地区,但是,中部地区的产出效率高于东部和西部。而且,投入小的区域其产出效率却比较高。  相似文献   

Determining factors in the success of R&D cooperative agreements between firms and research organizations     

Eva M Mora-Valentin  Angeles Montoro-Sanchez 《Research Policy》2004,33(1):17-40

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of a series of contextual and organizational factors on the success of 800 cooperative agreements between Spanish firms and research organizations, run between 1995 and 2000. Findings show that the most outstanding factors are, in the case of firms, commitment, previous links, definition of objectives and conflict, whereas for research organizations previous links, communication, commitment, trust and the partners’ reputation are more relevant. These study not only provides a comprehensive theoretical model to analyze the success of these agreements but is useful both for improving management of cooperation and for fostering collaboration both at a national an international level.  相似文献